* 114890

CEA CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 5; CEACAM5


Alternative titles; symbols

CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN-RELATED CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 5
CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN; CEA


HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: CEACAM5

Cytogenetic location: 19q13.2     Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 19:41,708,626-41,730,433 (from NCBI)


TEXT

Description

Members of the CEACAM subfamily, including CEACAM5, belong to the CEA gene family. For general information on the CEA gene family, see CEACAM1 (109770).


Nomenclature

Beauchemin et al. (1999) provided a revised nomenclature for the CEA gene family. Based on this nomenclature, the CEA family is composed of the PSG subfamily (see 176390); the CEACAM subfamily, which includes CEACAM1 (BGP), CEACAM3 (CGM1; 609142), CEACAM4 (619159), CEACAM5 (CEA), CEACAM6 (NCA), CEACAM7 (619160), and CEACAM8 (615747); and the CEACAM pseudogene (CEACAMP) subfamily, CEACAMP1 through CEACAMP11, which had originally been named CGM8 through CGM18 (see 109770). The CEA gene was renamed CEACAM5.


Cloning and Expression

Carcinoembryonic antigen was first described by Gold and Freedman (1965) as a complex immunoreactive glycoprotein. Oikawa et al. (1987) cloned cDNAs corresponding to the mRNA encoding a polypeptide that is immunoreactive with the antisera specific to CEA. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA showed that CEA is synthesized as a precursor with a signal peptide followed by 668 amino acids of the putative mature CEA peptide.

Zimmermann et al. (1987) isolated and characterized cDNA clones for human CEA. They found no CEA mRNA in HeLa cells or in normal human fibroblasts.

Kamarck et al. (1987) prepared a cDNA for CEA from an adenocarcinoma cell line. They confirmed its identity by specific hybridization to DNA transfected into L cells, which then expressed CEA. Hybridization of the cDNA insert to genomic DNA from colon carcinoma cells showed no rearrangement in the tumors.


Mapping

By analysis of somatic cell hybrids, Kamarck et al. (1987) mapped the CEA gene to chromosome 19.

By genomic clones used in somatic cell hybrids and by in situ hybridization, Willcocks et al. (1987, 1989) assigned the CEA locus to 19q13.1-q13.3. Zimmermann et al. (1988) used a DNA fragment from the NCA gene to localize the gene(s) by in situ hybridization to chromosome 19. Two specific hybridization sites were found, 1 on the long arm, 19q31-q32, and a minor accumulation on the short arm, 19p13.2-p13.3. Zimmermann et al. (1988) also used a fragment from the repeat region of the CEA cDNA clone to map the gene to 19q31-q32 by in situ hybridization. No accumulation of grains was observed over the short arm. Nishi et al. (1991) assigned the CEA gene to 19q13.2 by in situ hybridization. Thompson and Zimmermann (1988) stated that the CEA gene family, consisting of approximately 10 genes, is localized in 2 clusters on chromosome 19. By the time of their report, mRNA species for 5 of the genes had been identified and found to show tissue variability in their transcriptional activity. Willcocks and Craig (1990) found that the CEA gene comprises 9 exons encoding amino acids and 1 encoding a 3-prime untranslated fragment. Thompson et al. (1992) stated that various methods, including hybridization analysis of large DNA fragments separated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, yielded similar results, indicating that the entire CEA gene family is contained in a region located at 19q13.1-q13.2 between the CYP2A (122720) and D19S15/D19S8 markers. They found that the CEA subgroup has 9 members, including CEA, nonspecific crossreacting antigen, biliary glycoprotein (BGP), and 6 genes referred to as CEA gene family members: CGM1, CGM2, CGM6, CGM7, CGM8, and CGM9. From large groups of ordered cosmid clones, Thompson et al. (1992) confirmed the identity of all known CEA subgroup genes, either by hybridization using gene-specific probes or by DNA sequencing. These studies identified a new member of the CEA subgroup, CGM8, which they concluded probably represents a pseudogene due to the existence of 2 stop codons, one in the leader exon and one in the N-terminal domain exon. The gene order and orientation, which were determined with hybridization with probes from the 5-prime and 3-prime regions of the genes, were determined to be as follows: cen/3-prime CGM7/3-prime CGM2/5-prime CEA/5-prime NCA/5-prime CGM1/3-prime BGP/3-prime CGM9/3-prime CGM6/5-prime CGM8///PSG cluster/qter. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, Brandriff et al. (1992) concluded that the gene order is cen--CGM7--CEA--NCA--CGM1--BGP--CGM9--CGM8--PSG--tel. The order agreed completely with that obtained by Thompson et al. (1992).


Gene Function

CEA injected into experimental animals accumulates in the liver and is largely confined to macrophages (Kupffer cells) (Toth et al., 1982). The binding domain of the protein was narrowed to the hinge region between its N domain and its first (A1) immunoglobulin loop domain. Furthermore, the binding domain was narrowed to amino acids 108-112 (PELPK) (Thomas et al., 1992; Gangopadhyay and Thomas, 1996).

Zimmer and Thomas (2001) noted that CEA expression is used clinically to monitor patients with colorectal and other cancers and that a subset of these patients have extraordinarily high CEA levels that cannot be attributed solely to tumor load. In addition, elevated levels of serum CEA are found in patients with benign liver disease including cirrhosis, biliary obstruction, and hepatitis. In tumor cells of 3 of 8 colorectal cancer patients with high CEA levels, Zimmer and Thomas (2001) identified heterozygous mutations in the region of CEA (PELPK motif) responsible for its hepatic clearance. CEA with mutations in the PELPK motif showed remarkably reduced circulatory clearance rates in an animal model. A patient without mutation in the region showed normal clearance rates. Zimmer and Thomas (2001) concluded that mutations in PELPK may affect structural stability and binding affinity to the Kupffer receptor in the liver. They suggested that CEA may have a role as a facilitator of hepatic metastasis.

By generating a chimeric protein of CEACAM5 and NCAM1 (116930), Nicholson and Stanners (2007) identified a novel specificity signal of 6 amino acids (PGLSAG) within the glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor attachment signal of CEACAM5 that was necessary and sufficient to specify the addition of a particular functional GPI.

Muenzner et al. (2010) found that CEA-binding bacteria colonized the urogenital tract of CEA transgenic mice, but not of wildtype mice, by suppressing exfoliation of mucosal cells. CEA binding triggered de novo expression of the transforming growth factor receptor CD105 (131195), changing focal adhesion composition and activating beta-1 integrins (135630). Muenzner et al. (2010) concluded that this manipulation of integrin inside-out signaling promotes efficient mucosal colonization and represents a potential target to prevent or cure bacterial infections.


See Also:

REFERENCES

  1. Beauchemin, N., Draber, P., Dveksler, G., Gold, P., Gray-Owen, S., Grunert, F., Hammarstrom, S., Holmes, K. V., Karlsson, A., Kuroki, M., Lin, S.-H., Lucka, L., and 13 others. Redefined nomenclature for members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family. Exp. Cell Res. 252: 243-249, 1999. [PubMed: 11501563, related citations] [Full Text]

  2. Brandriff, B. F., Gordon, L. A., Tynan, K. T., Olsen, A. S., Mohrenweiser, H. W., Fertitta, A., Carrano, A. V., Trask, B. J. Order and genomic distances among members of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genomics 12: 773-779, 1992. [PubMed: 1572650, related citations] [Full Text]

  3. Gangopadhyay, A., Thomas, P. Processing of carcinoembryonic antigen by Kupffer cells: recognition of a penta-peptide sequence. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 334: 151-157, 1996. [PubMed: 8837750, related citations] [Full Text]

  4. Gold, P., Freedman, S. O. Demonstration of tumor-specific antigens in human colonic carcinomata by immunological tolerance and absorption techniques. J. Exp. Med. 121: 439-462, 1965. [PubMed: 14270243, related citations] [Full Text]

  5. Kamarck, M. E., Elting, J. J., Hart, J. T., Goebel, S. J., Rae, P. M. M., Nothdurft, M. A., Nedwin, J. J., Barnett, T. R. Carcinoembryonic antigen family: expression in a mouse L-cell transfectant and characterization of a partial cDNA in bacteriophage lambda-gt11. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 84: 5350-5354, 1987. [PubMed: 2955415, related citations] [Full Text]

  6. Muenzner, P., Bachmann, V., Zimmermann, W., Hentschel, J., Hauck, C. R. Human-restricted bacterial pathogens block shedding of epithelial cells by stimulating integrin activation. Science 329: 1197-1201, 2010. [PubMed: 20813953, related citations] [Full Text]

  7. Nicholson, T. B., Stanners, C. P. Identification of a novel functional specificity signal within the GPI anchor signal sequence of carcinoembryonic antigen. J. Cell Biol. 177: 211-218, 2007. [PubMed: 17438079, images, related citations] [Full Text]

  8. Nishi, M., Inazawa, J., Inoue, K., Nakagawa, H., Taniwaki, M., Misawa, S., Oikawa, S., Nakazato, H., Abe, T. Regional chromosomal assignment of carcinoembryonic antigen gene (CEA) to chromosome 19 at band q13.2. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 54: 77-81, 1991. [PubMed: 2065318, related citations] [Full Text]

  9. Oikawa, S., Nakazato, H., Kosaki, G. Primary structure of human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) deduced from cDNA sequence. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 142: 511-528, 1987. [PubMed: 3814146, related citations] [Full Text]

  10. Thomas, P., Petrick, A. T., Toth, C. A., Fox, E. S., Elting, J. J., Steele, G., Jr. A peptide sequence on carcinoembryonic antigen binds to a 80 kD protein on Kupffer cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 188: 671-677, 1992. [PubMed: 1445312, related citations] [Full Text]

  11. Thompson, J. A., Pande, H., Paxton, R. J., Shively, L., Padma, A., Simmer, R. L., Todd, C. W., Riggs, A. D., Shively, J. E. Molecular cloning of a gene belonging to the carcinoembryonic antigen gene family and discussion of a domain model. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 84: 2965-2969, 1987. [PubMed: 3033672, related citations] [Full Text]

  12. Thompson, J., Zimmermann, W., Osthus-Bugat, P., Schleussner, C., Eades-Perner, A.-M., Barnert, S., Von Kleist, S., Willcocks, T., Craig, I., Tynan, K., Olsen, A., Mohrenweiser, H. Long-range chromosomal mapping of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family cluster. Genomics 12: 761-772, 1992. [PubMed: 1572649, related citations] [Full Text]

  13. Thompson, J., Zimmermann, W. The carcinoembryonic antigen gene family: structure, expression and evolution. Tumour Biol. 9: 63-83, 1988. [PubMed: 3041547, related citations] [Full Text]

  14. Toth, C. A., Thomas, P., Broitman, S. A., Zamcheck, N. A new Kupffer cell receptor mediating plasma clearance of carcinoembryonic antigen by the rat. Biochem. J. 204: 377-381, 1982. [PubMed: 6896821, related citations] [Full Text]

  15. Willcocks, T. C., Craig, I. W. Characterization of the genomic organization of human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): comparison with other family members and sequence analysis of 5-prime controlling region. Genomics 8: 492-500, 1990. [PubMed: 2286372, related citations] [Full Text]

  16. Willcocks, T. C., Craig, S. P., Coates, D., Craig, I. W. Coding sequences for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assigned to human chromosome 19q13. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 46: 716 only, 1987.

  17. Willcocks, T. C., Craig, S. P., Craig, I. W. Assignment of the coding sequence for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and normal cross-reacting antigen (NCA) to human chromosome 19q13. Ann. Hum. Genet. 53: 141-148, 1989. [PubMed: 2596823, related citations] [Full Text]

  18. Zimmer, R., Thomas, P. Mutations in the carcinoembryonic antigen gene in colorectal cancer patients: implications on liver metastasis. Cancer Res. 61: 2822-2826, 2001. [PubMed: 11306451, related citations]

  19. Zimmermann, W., Ortlieb, B., Friedrich, R., von Kleist, S. Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding the human carcinoembryonic antigen reveal a highly conserved repeating structure. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 84: 2960-2964, 1987. [PubMed: 3033671, related citations] [Full Text]

  20. Zimmermann, W., Weber, B., Ortlieb, B., Rudert, F., Schempp, W., Fiebig, H.-H., Shively, J. E., von Kleist, S., Thompson, J. A. Chromosomal localization of the carcinoembryonic antigen gene family and differential expression in various tumors. Cancer Res. 48: 2550-2554, 1988. [PubMed: 3356015, related citations]


Ada Hamosh - updated : 10/27/2010
Paul J. Converse - updated : 11/9/2009
Victor A. McKusick - updated : 8/12/2002
Victor A. McKusick - updated : 1/21/2000
Creation Date:
Victor A. McKusick : 4/14/1987
mgross : 01/19/2021
mgross : 01/19/2021
mgross : 01/15/2021
mgross : 04/30/2014
mgross : 4/30/2014
alopez : 10/27/2010
carol : 9/17/2010
terry : 12/1/2009
mgross : 11/11/2009
terry : 11/9/2009
carol : 10/29/2009
mgross : 1/5/2005
mgross : 8/20/2003
cwells : 8/12/2002
mgross : 2/17/2000
mcapotos : 2/3/2000
terry : 1/21/2000
terry : 5/13/1994
mimadm : 4/9/1994
carol : 4/5/1993
carol : 6/9/1992
carol : 6/2/1992
supermim : 3/16/1992

* 114890

CEA CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 5; CEACAM5


Alternative titles; symbols

CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN-RELATED CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 5
CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN; CEA


HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: CEACAM5

Cytogenetic location: 19q13.2     Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 19:41,708,626-41,730,433 (from NCBI)


TEXT

Description

Members of the CEACAM subfamily, including CEACAM5, belong to the CEA gene family. For general information on the CEA gene family, see CEACAM1 (109770).


Nomenclature

Beauchemin et al. (1999) provided a revised nomenclature for the CEA gene family. Based on this nomenclature, the CEA family is composed of the PSG subfamily (see 176390); the CEACAM subfamily, which includes CEACAM1 (BGP), CEACAM3 (CGM1; 609142), CEACAM4 (619159), CEACAM5 (CEA), CEACAM6 (NCA), CEACAM7 (619160), and CEACAM8 (615747); and the CEACAM pseudogene (CEACAMP) subfamily, CEACAMP1 through CEACAMP11, which had originally been named CGM8 through CGM18 (see 109770). The CEA gene was renamed CEACAM5.


Cloning and Expression

Carcinoembryonic antigen was first described by Gold and Freedman (1965) as a complex immunoreactive glycoprotein. Oikawa et al. (1987) cloned cDNAs corresponding to the mRNA encoding a polypeptide that is immunoreactive with the antisera specific to CEA. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA showed that CEA is synthesized as a precursor with a signal peptide followed by 668 amino acids of the putative mature CEA peptide.

Zimmermann et al. (1987) isolated and characterized cDNA clones for human CEA. They found no CEA mRNA in HeLa cells or in normal human fibroblasts.

Kamarck et al. (1987) prepared a cDNA for CEA from an adenocarcinoma cell line. They confirmed its identity by specific hybridization to DNA transfected into L cells, which then expressed CEA. Hybridization of the cDNA insert to genomic DNA from colon carcinoma cells showed no rearrangement in the tumors.


Mapping

By analysis of somatic cell hybrids, Kamarck et al. (1987) mapped the CEA gene to chromosome 19.

By genomic clones used in somatic cell hybrids and by in situ hybridization, Willcocks et al. (1987, 1989) assigned the CEA locus to 19q13.1-q13.3. Zimmermann et al. (1988) used a DNA fragment from the NCA gene to localize the gene(s) by in situ hybridization to chromosome 19. Two specific hybridization sites were found, 1 on the long arm, 19q31-q32, and a minor accumulation on the short arm, 19p13.2-p13.3. Zimmermann et al. (1988) also used a fragment from the repeat region of the CEA cDNA clone to map the gene to 19q31-q32 by in situ hybridization. No accumulation of grains was observed over the short arm. Nishi et al. (1991) assigned the CEA gene to 19q13.2 by in situ hybridization. Thompson and Zimmermann (1988) stated that the CEA gene family, consisting of approximately 10 genes, is localized in 2 clusters on chromosome 19. By the time of their report, mRNA species for 5 of the genes had been identified and found to show tissue variability in their transcriptional activity. Willcocks and Craig (1990) found that the CEA gene comprises 9 exons encoding amino acids and 1 encoding a 3-prime untranslated fragment. Thompson et al. (1992) stated that various methods, including hybridization analysis of large DNA fragments separated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, yielded similar results, indicating that the entire CEA gene family is contained in a region located at 19q13.1-q13.2 between the CYP2A (122720) and D19S15/D19S8 markers. They found that the CEA subgroup has 9 members, including CEA, nonspecific crossreacting antigen, biliary glycoprotein (BGP), and 6 genes referred to as CEA gene family members: CGM1, CGM2, CGM6, CGM7, CGM8, and CGM9. From large groups of ordered cosmid clones, Thompson et al. (1992) confirmed the identity of all known CEA subgroup genes, either by hybridization using gene-specific probes or by DNA sequencing. These studies identified a new member of the CEA subgroup, CGM8, which they concluded probably represents a pseudogene due to the existence of 2 stop codons, one in the leader exon and one in the N-terminal domain exon. The gene order and orientation, which were determined with hybridization with probes from the 5-prime and 3-prime regions of the genes, were determined to be as follows: cen/3-prime CGM7/3-prime CGM2/5-prime CEA/5-prime NCA/5-prime CGM1/3-prime BGP/3-prime CGM9/3-prime CGM6/5-prime CGM8///PSG cluster/qter. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, Brandriff et al. (1992) concluded that the gene order is cen--CGM7--CEA--NCA--CGM1--BGP--CGM9--CGM8--PSG--tel. The order agreed completely with that obtained by Thompson et al. (1992).


Gene Function

CEA injected into experimental animals accumulates in the liver and is largely confined to macrophages (Kupffer cells) (Toth et al., 1982). The binding domain of the protein was narrowed to the hinge region between its N domain and its first (A1) immunoglobulin loop domain. Furthermore, the binding domain was narrowed to amino acids 108-112 (PELPK) (Thomas et al., 1992; Gangopadhyay and Thomas, 1996).

Zimmer and Thomas (2001) noted that CEA expression is used clinically to monitor patients with colorectal and other cancers and that a subset of these patients have extraordinarily high CEA levels that cannot be attributed solely to tumor load. In addition, elevated levels of serum CEA are found in patients with benign liver disease including cirrhosis, biliary obstruction, and hepatitis. In tumor cells of 3 of 8 colorectal cancer patients with high CEA levels, Zimmer and Thomas (2001) identified heterozygous mutations in the region of CEA (PELPK motif) responsible for its hepatic clearance. CEA with mutations in the PELPK motif showed remarkably reduced circulatory clearance rates in an animal model. A patient without mutation in the region showed normal clearance rates. Zimmer and Thomas (2001) concluded that mutations in PELPK may affect structural stability and binding affinity to the Kupffer receptor in the liver. They suggested that CEA may have a role as a facilitator of hepatic metastasis.

By generating a chimeric protein of CEACAM5 and NCAM1 (116930), Nicholson and Stanners (2007) identified a novel specificity signal of 6 amino acids (PGLSAG) within the glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor attachment signal of CEACAM5 that was necessary and sufficient to specify the addition of a particular functional GPI.

Muenzner et al. (2010) found that CEA-binding bacteria colonized the urogenital tract of CEA transgenic mice, but not of wildtype mice, by suppressing exfoliation of mucosal cells. CEA binding triggered de novo expression of the transforming growth factor receptor CD105 (131195), changing focal adhesion composition and activating beta-1 integrins (135630). Muenzner et al. (2010) concluded that this manipulation of integrin inside-out signaling promotes efficient mucosal colonization and represents a potential target to prevent or cure bacterial infections.


See Also:

Thompson et al. (1987)

REFERENCES

  1. Beauchemin, N., Draber, P., Dveksler, G., Gold, P., Gray-Owen, S., Grunert, F., Hammarstrom, S., Holmes, K. V., Karlsson, A., Kuroki, M., Lin, S.-H., Lucka, L., and 13 others. Redefined nomenclature for members of the carcinoembryonic antigen family. Exp. Cell Res. 252: 243-249, 1999. [PubMed: 11501563] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/excr.1999.4610]

  2. Brandriff, B. F., Gordon, L. A., Tynan, K. T., Olsen, A. S., Mohrenweiser, H. W., Fertitta, A., Carrano, A. V., Trask, B. J. Order and genomic distances among members of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Genomics 12: 773-779, 1992. [PubMed: 1572650] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-7543(92)90308-f]

  3. Gangopadhyay, A., Thomas, P. Processing of carcinoembryonic antigen by Kupffer cells: recognition of a penta-peptide sequence. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 334: 151-157, 1996. [PubMed: 8837750] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/abbi.1996.0440]

  4. Gold, P., Freedman, S. O. Demonstration of tumor-specific antigens in human colonic carcinomata by immunological tolerance and absorption techniques. J. Exp. Med. 121: 439-462, 1965. [PubMed: 14270243] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.121.3.439]

  5. Kamarck, M. E., Elting, J. J., Hart, J. T., Goebel, S. J., Rae, P. M. M., Nothdurft, M. A., Nedwin, J. J., Barnett, T. R. Carcinoembryonic antigen family: expression in a mouse L-cell transfectant and characterization of a partial cDNA in bacteriophage lambda-gt11. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 84: 5350-5354, 1987. [PubMed: 2955415] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.84.15.5350]

  6. Muenzner, P., Bachmann, V., Zimmermann, W., Hentschel, J., Hauck, C. R. Human-restricted bacterial pathogens block shedding of epithelial cells by stimulating integrin activation. Science 329: 1197-1201, 2010. [PubMed: 20813953] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1190892]

  7. Nicholson, T. B., Stanners, C. P. Identification of a novel functional specificity signal within the GPI anchor signal sequence of carcinoembryonic antigen. J. Cell Biol. 177: 211-218, 2007. [PubMed: 17438079] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200701158]

  8. Nishi, M., Inazawa, J., Inoue, K., Nakagawa, H., Taniwaki, M., Misawa, S., Oikawa, S., Nakazato, H., Abe, T. Regional chromosomal assignment of carcinoembryonic antigen gene (CEA) to chromosome 19 at band q13.2. Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 54: 77-81, 1991. [PubMed: 2065318] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4608(91)90033-q]

  9. Oikawa, S., Nakazato, H., Kosaki, G. Primary structure of human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) deduced from cDNA sequence. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 142: 511-528, 1987. [PubMed: 3814146] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291x(87)90304-4]

  10. Thomas, P., Petrick, A. T., Toth, C. A., Fox, E. S., Elting, J. J., Steele, G., Jr. A peptide sequence on carcinoembryonic antigen binds to a 80 kD protein on Kupffer cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 188: 671-677, 1992. [PubMed: 1445312] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291x(92)91108-3]

  11. Thompson, J. A., Pande, H., Paxton, R. J., Shively, L., Padma, A., Simmer, R. L., Todd, C. W., Riggs, A. D., Shively, J. E. Molecular cloning of a gene belonging to the carcinoembryonic antigen gene family and discussion of a domain model. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 84: 2965-2969, 1987. [PubMed: 3033672] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.84.9.2965]

  12. Thompson, J., Zimmermann, W., Osthus-Bugat, P., Schleussner, C., Eades-Perner, A.-M., Barnert, S., Von Kleist, S., Willcocks, T., Craig, I., Tynan, K., Olsen, A., Mohrenweiser, H. Long-range chromosomal mapping of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family cluster. Genomics 12: 761-772, 1992. [PubMed: 1572649] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-7543(92)90307-e]

  13. Thompson, J., Zimmermann, W. The carcinoembryonic antigen gene family: structure, expression and evolution. Tumour Biol. 9: 63-83, 1988. [PubMed: 3041547] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1159/000217547]

  14. Toth, C. A., Thomas, P., Broitman, S. A., Zamcheck, N. A new Kupffer cell receptor mediating plasma clearance of carcinoembryonic antigen by the rat. Biochem. J. 204: 377-381, 1982. [PubMed: 6896821] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2040377]

  15. Willcocks, T. C., Craig, I. W. Characterization of the genomic organization of human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): comparison with other family members and sequence analysis of 5-prime controlling region. Genomics 8: 492-500, 1990. [PubMed: 2286372] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-7543(90)90036-t]

  16. Willcocks, T. C., Craig, S. P., Coates, D., Craig, I. W. Coding sequences for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assigned to human chromosome 19q13. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 46: 716 only, 1987.

  17. Willcocks, T. C., Craig, S. P., Craig, I. W. Assignment of the coding sequence for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and normal cross-reacting antigen (NCA) to human chromosome 19q13. Ann. Hum. Genet. 53: 141-148, 1989. [PubMed: 2596823] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1989.tb01778.x]

  18. Zimmer, R., Thomas, P. Mutations in the carcinoembryonic antigen gene in colorectal cancer patients: implications on liver metastasis. Cancer Res. 61: 2822-2826, 2001. [PubMed: 11306451]

  19. Zimmermann, W., Ortlieb, B., Friedrich, R., von Kleist, S. Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding the human carcinoembryonic antigen reveal a highly conserved repeating structure. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 84: 2960-2964, 1987. [PubMed: 3033671] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.84.9.2960]

  20. Zimmermann, W., Weber, B., Ortlieb, B., Rudert, F., Schempp, W., Fiebig, H.-H., Shively, J. E., von Kleist, S., Thompson, J. A. Chromosomal localization of the carcinoembryonic antigen gene family and differential expression in various tumors. Cancer Res. 48: 2550-2554, 1988. [PubMed: 3356015]


Contributors:
Ada Hamosh - updated : 10/27/2010
Paul J. Converse - updated : 11/9/2009
Victor A. McKusick - updated : 8/12/2002
Victor A. McKusick - updated : 1/21/2000

Creation Date:
Victor A. McKusick : 4/14/1987

Edit History:
mgross : 01/19/2021
mgross : 01/19/2021
mgross : 01/15/2021
mgross : 04/30/2014
mgross : 4/30/2014
alopez : 10/27/2010
carol : 9/17/2010
terry : 12/1/2009
mgross : 11/11/2009
terry : 11/9/2009
carol : 10/29/2009
mgross : 1/5/2005
mgross : 8/20/2003
cwells : 8/12/2002
mgross : 2/17/2000
mcapotos : 2/3/2000
terry : 1/21/2000
terry : 5/13/1994
mimadm : 4/9/1994
carol : 4/5/1993
carol : 6/9/1992
carol : 6/2/1992
supermim : 3/16/1992