Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: CSH2
Cytogenetic location: 17q23.3 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 17:63,872,012-63,873,729 (from NCBI)
Chorionic somatomammotropin hormones, including CSH2, are part of the human growth hormone protein family. See GH1 (139250) and CSA (CSH1; 150200).
Chen et al. (1989) reported that the genes in the GH gene cluster, including CSA and CSB, encode precursor proteins of approximately 200 amino acids. The N-terminal 26 residues of each precursor protein function as a signal sequence.
MacLeod et al. (1992) stated that the CSA and CSB genes encode identical secreted 191-amino acid mature proteins. Using Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses, they found that CS expression increases sharply between 12 and 20 weeks of gestation, then plateaus and remains stable through term. CSA and CSB mRNA levels are approximately equal at 8 weeks' gestation, but CSA is expressed 5-fold more abundantly than CSB by term. A small percentage of CS transcripts stably retain intron 4 through gestation, the majority of which are derived from CSA.
By in situ hybridization, Harper et al. (1982) mapped the GH gene cluster to 17q22-q24. Barsh et al. (1983) determined that this gene cluster consists of 2 GH genes interspersed with 3 CS genes. All the genes are in the same transcriptional orientation, arranged 5-prime--GH1--CSL (CSHL1; 603515)--CSA--GHV (GH2; 139240)--CSB--3-prime. Chen et al. (1989) reported that the GH gene cluster spans 66,495 bp.
Chen et al. (1989) reported that all of the genes in the GH gene cluster contain 5 exons.
Barsh, G. S., Seeburg, P. H., Gelinas, R. E. The human growth hormone gene family:structure and evolution of the chromosomal locus. Nucleic Acids Res. 11: 3939-3958, 1983. [PubMed: 6306568] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/11.12.3939]
Chen, E. Y., Liao, Y.-C., Smith, D. H., Barrera-Saldana, H. A., Gelinas, R. E., Seeburg, P. H. The human growth hormone locus: nucleotide sequence, biology, and evolution. Genomics 4: 479-497, 1989. [PubMed: 2744760] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0888-7543(89)90271-1]
Harper, M. E., Barrera-Saldana, H. A., Saunders, G. F. Chromosomal localization of the human placental lactogen-growth hormone gene cluster to 17q22-24. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 34: 227-234, 1982. [PubMed: 7072716]
MacLeod, J. N., Lee, A. K., Liebhaber, S. A., Cooke, N. E. Developmental control and alternative splicing of the placentally expressed transcripts from the human growth hormone gene cluster. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 14219-14226, 1992. [PubMed: 1378436]