Entry - *138200 - GLUTAMATE PYRUVATE TRANSAMINASE; GPT - OMIM

 
 
* 138200

GLUTAMATE PYRUVATE TRANSAMINASE; GPT


Alternative titles; symbols

GLUTAMATE PYRUVATE TRANSAMINASE, SOLUBLE RED CELL; GPT1
GLUTAMATE PYRUVATE TRANSAMINASE, SOLUBLE LIVER
ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE 1; AAT1; ALT1
ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE, SOLUBLE


HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: GPT

Cytogenetic location: 8q24.3     Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 8:144,503,068-144,507,172 (from NCBI)


TEXT

▼ Description

Glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2), also known as alanine aminotransferase, catalyzes the reversible conversion of L-alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate to L-glutamate and pyruvate. It has 2 distinct molecular and genetic forms: one cytoplasmic (soluble) (GPT1) and one mitochondrial (GPT2; 138210).

See ALTQTL1 (612363) and ALTQTL2 (612364) for information on quantitative trait loci influencing the plasma level of alanine aminotransferase.

▼ Cloning and Expression

Sohocki et al. (1997) cloned the human GPT gene by using the homologous rat gene as a probe to screen a human chromosome 8 cosmid library. The GPT1 gene encodes a deduced 495-amino acid protein. By Northern blot analysis, Yang et al. (2002) determined that a 2.1-kb GPT1 transcript is moderately expressed in kidney, liver, heart, and fat. Another GPT1 transcript shows a slightly different expression pattern, with a 3.9-kb transcript expressed at high levels in muscle, fat, kidney, and brain and at lower levels in liver and breast.


▼ Mapping

By studying segregation in hybrids made from a rat hepatoma cell line and various human cells of nonhepatic origin, Kielty et al. (1982) mapped the structural gene for the cytoplasmic hepatic form of GPT to chromosome 8. Studying similar hybrids, Astrin et al. (1982) also found evidence consistent with assignment to chromosome 8. By exclusion mapping applied in family studies, Cook et al. (1982) concluded that GPT1 is on chromosome 8q13-qter.

O'Connell et al. (1987) established linkage between GPT and several markers on the distal part of 8q (8q24). It is noteworthy that other loci in the same region of chromosome 8--MYC (190080) and thyroglobulin (188450)--are coded by chromosome 15 of the mouse, as is GPT. The GPT tested in this case was soluble red cell GPT, as performed by Ferrell (1988). In a child with partial trisomy of chromosomes 8 and 14, Rocha et al. (1988) observed a dosage effect supporting regional assignment of GPT to 8q24.2-qter. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, Sohocki et al. (1997) mapped the human GPT gene to 8q24.3, within 200 kb of the 8q telomere.

Sohocki et al. (1997) used fluorescence in situ hybridization to map the rat GPT gene to 7q33-q34, a region of synteny with human chromosome 8q24.


▼ Gene Structure

Sohocki et al. (1997) determined that the GPT1 gene contains 11 exons spanning approximately 3 kb. They found that the 2 polymorphic isozymes of GPT1 that are frequently used in linkage studies differ by a single nucleotide in codon 14 (138200.0001).


▼ Molecular Genetics

In red cell hemolysates, Chen and Giblett (1971) found polymorphism of the soluble form of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase. Allele frequencies in the GPT system vary considerably in different populations but all those studied were in a range making GPT an efficient marker for study of linkage with other loci. Electrophoretic variants were also studied by Kompf (1971). Data on gene frequencies of allelic variants were tabulated by Roychoudhury and Nei (1988).


▼ History

Linkage of the GOT and GPT loci was suggested by preliminary observations of Chen and Giblett (1971). For linkage between glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and breast cancer (114480), King et al. (1980) found a lod score of 1.84 for 6 families showing linkage and 1.43 for all 11 breast cancer families studied. Preliminary analysis of data in 2 Mormon families brought the lod score to about 2.4. McLellan et al. (1984) obtained a cumulative lod score of -3.86 for breast cancer and GPT, thus eliminating this possible linkage. Sanders et al. (1984) disproved linkage of haptoglobin and GPT1.

In studies of hybrids between human leukocytes and Chinese hamster fibroblasts, Wijnen and Meera Khan (1982) concluded that GPT is on chromosome 16. On the basis of this and other information, these workers suggested that the most likely region of GPT is 16pter-p11. It is possible that they were mapping the GPT2 gene, which was later mapped to 16q12.

▼ ALLELIC VARIANTS ( 1 Selected Example):

.0001 GLUTAMIC PYRUVATE TRANSAMINASE POLYMORPHISM

GPT, HIS14ASP
  
RCV000017468

Sohocki et al. (1997) determined polymorphism of the soluble GPT protein to be the result of a C-to-A nucleotide substitution in codon 14, resulting in a histidine residue in this position in one allele (which they called GPT1) and a corresponding asparagine residue in the other (which they called GPT2). This substitution results in the loss of a NlaIII (Hsp92II) restriction site (CATG) in the GPT2 allele.


▼ REFERENCES

  1. Astrin, K. H., Arredondo-Vega, F. X., Desnick, R. J., Smith, M. Assignment of the gene for cytosolic alanine aminotransferase (AAT1) to human chromosome 8. Ann. Hum. Genet. 46: 125-133, 1982. [PubMed: 7114790, related citations] [Full Text]

  2. Chen, S.-H., Giblett, E. R. Polymorphism of soluble glutamic-pyruvic transaminase: a new genetic marker in man. Science 173: 148-149, 1971. [PubMed: 5581908, related citations] [Full Text]

  3. Cook, P. J. L., Jeremiah, S. J., Buckton, K. E. Exclusion mapping of GPT. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 32: 258 only, 1982.

  4. Eicher, E. M., Womack, J. E. Chromosomal location of soluble glutamic-pyruvic transaminase-1 (Gpt-1) in the mouse. Biochem. Genet. 15: 1-8, 1977. [PubMed: 849243, related citations] [Full Text]

  5. Falk, C. T., Huss, J. Linkage data on the chromosome 16 markers HP and PGP: no additional support for or against the mapping of GPT. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 40: 626 only, 1985.

  6. Ferrell, R. E. Personal Communication. Pittsburgh, Pa. 1/22/1988.

  7. Jeremiah, S. J., Kielty, C., Povey, S., McLellan, T. Immunological characterization of human GPT in hybrids supports assignment to chromosome 8. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 37: 498 only, 1984.

  8. Kalimanovska, V., Majkic-Singh, N., Stojanov, M., Grozdanic, V., Vucetic, G., Andelic, M., Gligorovic, V., Tomasevic, R. Human red cell glutamic-pyruvic transaminase polymorphism in Serbia, Yugoslavia. Hum. Hered. 33: 319-321, 1983. [PubMed: 6654365, related citations] [Full Text]

  9. Kielty, C. M., Povey, S., Hopkinson, D. A. Regulation of expression of liver-specific enzymes: II. Activation and chromosomal localization of soluble glutamate-pyruvate transaminase. Ann. Hum. Genet. 46: 135-143, 1982. [PubMed: 7114791, related citations] [Full Text]

  10. King, M.-C., Go, R. C. P., Elston, R. C., Lynch, H. T., Petrakis, N. L. Allele increasing susceptibility to human breast cancer may be linked to the glutamate-pyruvate transaminase locus. Science 208: 406-408, 1980. [PubMed: 7367867, related citations] [Full Text]

  11. Kompf, J. Population genetics of soluble glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (EC:2.6.1.2): gene frequencies in southwestern Germany. Humangenetik 14: 76-77, 1971. [PubMed: 5144907, related citations] [Full Text]

  12. Lahav, M., Szeinberg, A. A red-cell glutamic-pyruvic transaminase polymorphism in several population groups in Israel. Hum. Hered. 22: 533-538, 1972. [PubMed: 4670074, related citations] [Full Text]

  13. Marazita, M. L., Spence, M. A., Sparkes, R. S., Field, L. L., Crandall, B. F., Sparkes, M. C., Crist, M. Linkage relations of GPT (glutamic-pyruvate transaminase). (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 40: 690 only, 1985.

  14. McLellan, T. Two previously undetected variants of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase found by acidic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 34: 623-628, 1982. [PubMed: 7102676, related citations]

  15. McLellan, T., Cannon, L. A., Bishop, D. T., Skolnick, M. H. The cumulative lod score between a breast cancer susceptibility locus and GPT is -3.86. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 37: 536-537, 1984.

  16. Mithal, Y., Lane, A. B., Jenkins, T. Absence of red cell glutamic-pyruvate transaminase: discovery of a 'silent' allele homozygote. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 32: 42-46, 1980. [PubMed: 7361762, related citations]

  17. O'Connell, P., Nakamura, Y., Lathrop, G. M., Leppert, M., Cartwright, P., Lalouel, J.-M., White, R. Three genetic linkage groups on chromosome 8. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 46: 672 only, 1987.

  18. Olaisen, B. Genetics of the GPT system: family, mother-child and association studies. Clin. Genet. 7: 245-254, 1975. [PubMed: 49232, related citations] [Full Text]

  19. Olaisen, B., Gedde-Dahl, T., Jr. GPT-EBS(1) linkage group: general linkage relations. Hum. Hered. 24: 178-185, 1974. [PubMed: 4425507, related citations] [Full Text]

  20. Pelzer, C. F., Norum, R. A. Identification of human red cell glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) phenotypes by isoelectric focusing. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 37: 147-152, 1985. [PubMed: 3976656, related citations]

  21. Rocha, J., Amorim, A., Almeida, V. M., Oliveira, J. P., Leao, M., Tavares, M. C., Pereira, M. S., Vidal-Pinheiro, L. Gene dosage evidence for the regional assignment of GPT (glutamate-pyruvate transaminase; E.C. 2.6.1.2) locus to 8q24.2-8qter. Hum. Genet. 80: 299-300, 1988. [PubMed: 3192219, related citations] [Full Text]

  22. Roychoudhury, A. K., Nei, M. Human Polymorphic Genes: World Distribution. New York: Oxford Univ. Press (pub.) 1988.

  23. Sanders, M. F., King, M. C., Lattanzio, D., Crandall, J., Leung, R. Absence of linkage between HP and GPT. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 37: 536-537, 1984.

  24. Santachiara Benerecetti, A. S., Beretta, M., Pampiglione, S. Red cell glutamic-pyruvic transaminase polymorphism in a sample of the Italian population: a new variant allele: GPT(8). Hum. Hered. 25: 276-278, 1975. [PubMed: 1184012, related citations] [Full Text]

  25. Sohocki, M. M., Sullivan, L. S., Harrison, W. R., Sodergren, E. J., Elder, F. F. B., Weinstock, G., Tanase, S., Daiger, S. P. Human glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT): localization to 8q24.3, cDNA and genomic sequences, and polymorphic sites. Genomics 40: 247-252, 1997. [PubMed: 9119391, related citations] [Full Text]

  26. Sparkes, M. C., Crist, M., Sparkes, R. S. Glutamate pyruvate transaminase null allele in seven new families. Hum. Genet. 65: 147-148, 1983. [PubMed: 6654330, related citations] [Full Text]

  27. Wijnen, L. M. M., Meera Khan, P. Assignment of GPT to human chromosome 16. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 32: 327 only, 1982.

  28. Yang, R.-Z., Blaileanu, G., Hansen, B. C., Shuldiner, A. R., Gong, D.-W. cDNA cloning, genomic structure, chromosomal mapping, and functional expression of a novel human alanine aminotransferase. Genomics 79: 445-450, 2002. [PubMed: 11863375, related citations] [Full Text]


Contributors:
Patricia A. Hartz - updated : 12/20/2002
Rebekah S. Rasooly - updated : 5/8/1998
Creation Date:
Victor A. McKusick : 6/4/1986
Edit History:
carol : 06/26/2014
alopez : 1/9/2012
wwang : 11/5/2008
carol : 11/5/2008
terry : 5/17/2005
mgross : 12/20/2002
alopez : 5/8/1998
mark : 8/18/1997
joanna : 8/15/1997
warfield : 4/8/1994
pfoster : 2/18/1994
carol : 4/7/1992
supermim : 3/16/1992
carol : 3/12/1991
carol : 2/12/1991

* 138200

GLUTAMATE PYRUVATE TRANSAMINASE; GPT


Alternative titles; symbols

GLUTAMATE PYRUVATE TRANSAMINASE, SOLUBLE RED CELL; GPT1
GLUTAMATE PYRUVATE TRANSAMINASE, SOLUBLE LIVER
ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE 1; AAT1; ALT1
ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE, SOLUBLE


HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: GPT

Cytogenetic location: 8q24.3     Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 8:144,503,068-144,507,172 (from NCBI)


TEXT

Description

Glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2), also known as alanine aminotransferase, catalyzes the reversible conversion of L-alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate to L-glutamate and pyruvate. It has 2 distinct molecular and genetic forms: one cytoplasmic (soluble) (GPT1) and one mitochondrial (GPT2; 138210).

See ALTQTL1 (612363) and ALTQTL2 (612364) for information on quantitative trait loci influencing the plasma level of alanine aminotransferase.

Cloning and Expression

Sohocki et al. (1997) cloned the human GPT gene by using the homologous rat gene as a probe to screen a human chromosome 8 cosmid library. The GPT1 gene encodes a deduced 495-amino acid protein. By Northern blot analysis, Yang et al. (2002) determined that a 2.1-kb GPT1 transcript is moderately expressed in kidney, liver, heart, and fat. Another GPT1 transcript shows a slightly different expression pattern, with a 3.9-kb transcript expressed at high levels in muscle, fat, kidney, and brain and at lower levels in liver and breast.


Mapping

By studying segregation in hybrids made from a rat hepatoma cell line and various human cells of nonhepatic origin, Kielty et al. (1982) mapped the structural gene for the cytoplasmic hepatic form of GPT to chromosome 8. Studying similar hybrids, Astrin et al. (1982) also found evidence consistent with assignment to chromosome 8. By exclusion mapping applied in family studies, Cook et al. (1982) concluded that GPT1 is on chromosome 8q13-qter.

O'Connell et al. (1987) established linkage between GPT and several markers on the distal part of 8q (8q24). It is noteworthy that other loci in the same region of chromosome 8--MYC (190080) and thyroglobulin (188450)--are coded by chromosome 15 of the mouse, as is GPT. The GPT tested in this case was soluble red cell GPT, as performed by Ferrell (1988). In a child with partial trisomy of chromosomes 8 and 14, Rocha et al. (1988) observed a dosage effect supporting regional assignment of GPT to 8q24.2-qter. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, Sohocki et al. (1997) mapped the human GPT gene to 8q24.3, within 200 kb of the 8q telomere.

Sohocki et al. (1997) used fluorescence in situ hybridization to map the rat GPT gene to 7q33-q34, a region of synteny with human chromosome 8q24.


Gene Structure

Sohocki et al. (1997) determined that the GPT1 gene contains 11 exons spanning approximately 3 kb. They found that the 2 polymorphic isozymes of GPT1 that are frequently used in linkage studies differ by a single nucleotide in codon 14 (138200.0001).


Molecular Genetics

In red cell hemolysates, Chen and Giblett (1971) found polymorphism of the soluble form of glutamate-pyruvate transaminase. Allele frequencies in the GPT system vary considerably in different populations but all those studied were in a range making GPT an efficient marker for study of linkage with other loci. Electrophoretic variants were also studied by Kompf (1971). Data on gene frequencies of allelic variants were tabulated by Roychoudhury and Nei (1988).


History

Linkage of the GOT and GPT loci was suggested by preliminary observations of Chen and Giblett (1971). For linkage between glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and breast cancer (114480), King et al. (1980) found a lod score of 1.84 for 6 families showing linkage and 1.43 for all 11 breast cancer families studied. Preliminary analysis of data in 2 Mormon families brought the lod score to about 2.4. McLellan et al. (1984) obtained a cumulative lod score of -3.86 for breast cancer and GPT, thus eliminating this possible linkage. Sanders et al. (1984) disproved linkage of haptoglobin and GPT1.

In studies of hybrids between human leukocytes and Chinese hamster fibroblasts, Wijnen and Meera Khan (1982) concluded that GPT is on chromosome 16. On the basis of this and other information, these workers suggested that the most likely region of GPT is 16pter-p11. It is possible that they were mapping the GPT2 gene, which was later mapped to 16q12.

ALLELIC VARIANTS 1 Selected Example):

.0001   GLUTAMIC PYRUVATE TRANSAMINASE POLYMORPHISM

GPT, HIS14ASP
SNP: rs1063739, gnomAD: rs1063739, ClinVar: RCV000017468

Sohocki et al. (1997) determined polymorphism of the soluble GPT protein to be the result of a C-to-A nucleotide substitution in codon 14, resulting in a histidine residue in this position in one allele (which they called GPT1) and a corresponding asparagine residue in the other (which they called GPT2). This substitution results in the loss of a NlaIII (Hsp92II) restriction site (CATG) in the GPT2 allele.


See Also:

Eicher and Womack (1977); Falk and Huss (1985); Jeremiah et al. (1984); Kalimanovska et al. (1983); Lahav and Szeinberg (1972); Marazita et al. (1985); McLellan (1982); Mithal et al. (1980); Olaisen (1975); Olaisen and Gedde-Dahl (1974); Pelzer and Norum (1985); Santachiara Benerecetti et al. (1975); Sparkes et al. (1983)

REFERENCES

  1. Astrin, K. H., Arredondo-Vega, F. X., Desnick, R. J., Smith, M. Assignment of the gene for cytosolic alanine aminotransferase (AAT1) to human chromosome 8. Ann. Hum. Genet. 46: 125-133, 1982. [PubMed: 7114790] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1982.tb00703.x]

  2. Chen, S.-H., Giblett, E. R. Polymorphism of soluble glutamic-pyruvic transaminase: a new genetic marker in man. Science 173: 148-149, 1971. [PubMed: 5581908] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.173.3992.148]

  3. Cook, P. J. L., Jeremiah, S. J., Buckton, K. E. Exclusion mapping of GPT. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 32: 258 only, 1982.

  4. Eicher, E. M., Womack, J. E. Chromosomal location of soluble glutamic-pyruvic transaminase-1 (Gpt-1) in the mouse. Biochem. Genet. 15: 1-8, 1977. [PubMed: 849243] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00484544]

  5. Falk, C. T., Huss, J. Linkage data on the chromosome 16 markers HP and PGP: no additional support for or against the mapping of GPT. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 40: 626 only, 1985.

  6. Ferrell, R. E. Personal Communication. Pittsburgh, Pa. 1/22/1988.

  7. Jeremiah, S. J., Kielty, C., Povey, S., McLellan, T. Immunological characterization of human GPT in hybrids supports assignment to chromosome 8. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 37: 498 only, 1984.

  8. Kalimanovska, V., Majkic-Singh, N., Stojanov, M., Grozdanic, V., Vucetic, G., Andelic, M., Gligorovic, V., Tomasevic, R. Human red cell glutamic-pyruvic transaminase polymorphism in Serbia, Yugoslavia. Hum. Hered. 33: 319-321, 1983. [PubMed: 6654365] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1159/000153397]

  9. Kielty, C. M., Povey, S., Hopkinson, D. A. Regulation of expression of liver-specific enzymes: II. Activation and chromosomal localization of soluble glutamate-pyruvate transaminase. Ann. Hum. Genet. 46: 135-143, 1982. [PubMed: 7114791] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1809.1982.tb00704.x]

  10. King, M.-C., Go, R. C. P., Elston, R. C., Lynch, H. T., Petrakis, N. L. Allele increasing susceptibility to human breast cancer may be linked to the glutamate-pyruvate transaminase locus. Science 208: 406-408, 1980. [PubMed: 7367867] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7367867]

  11. Kompf, J. Population genetics of soluble glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (EC:2.6.1.2): gene frequencies in southwestern Germany. Humangenetik 14: 76-77, 1971. [PubMed: 5144907] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00273039]

  12. Lahav, M., Szeinberg, A. A red-cell glutamic-pyruvic transaminase polymorphism in several population groups in Israel. Hum. Hered. 22: 533-538, 1972. [PubMed: 4670074] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1159/000152534]

  13. Marazita, M. L., Spence, M. A., Sparkes, R. S., Field, L. L., Crandall, B. F., Sparkes, M. C., Crist, M. Linkage relations of GPT (glutamic-pyruvate transaminase). (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 40: 690 only, 1985.

  14. McLellan, T. Two previously undetected variants of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase found by acidic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 34: 623-628, 1982. [PubMed: 7102676]

  15. McLellan, T., Cannon, L. A., Bishop, D. T., Skolnick, M. H. The cumulative lod score between a breast cancer susceptibility locus and GPT is -3.86. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 37: 536-537, 1984.

  16. Mithal, Y., Lane, A. B., Jenkins, T. Absence of red cell glutamic-pyruvate transaminase: discovery of a 'silent' allele homozygote. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 32: 42-46, 1980. [PubMed: 7361762]

  17. O'Connell, P., Nakamura, Y., Lathrop, G. M., Leppert, M., Cartwright, P., Lalouel, J.-M., White, R. Three genetic linkage groups on chromosome 8. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 46: 672 only, 1987.

  18. Olaisen, B. Genetics of the GPT system: family, mother-child and association studies. Clin. Genet. 7: 245-254, 1975. [PubMed: 49232] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-0004.1975.tb00326.x]

  19. Olaisen, B., Gedde-Dahl, T., Jr. GPT-EBS(1) linkage group: general linkage relations. Hum. Hered. 24: 178-185, 1974. [PubMed: 4425507] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1159/000152650]

  20. Pelzer, C. F., Norum, R. A. Identification of human red cell glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) phenotypes by isoelectric focusing. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 37: 147-152, 1985. [PubMed: 3976656]

  21. Rocha, J., Amorim, A., Almeida, V. M., Oliveira, J. P., Leao, M., Tavares, M. C., Pereira, M. S., Vidal-Pinheiro, L. Gene dosage evidence for the regional assignment of GPT (glutamate-pyruvate transaminase; E.C. 2.6.1.2) locus to 8q24.2-8qter. Hum. Genet. 80: 299-300, 1988. [PubMed: 3192219] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01790102]

  22. Roychoudhury, A. K., Nei, M. Human Polymorphic Genes: World Distribution. New York: Oxford Univ. Press (pub.) 1988.

  23. Sanders, M. F., King, M. C., Lattanzio, D., Crandall, J., Leung, R. Absence of linkage between HP and GPT. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 37: 536-537, 1984.

  24. Santachiara Benerecetti, A. S., Beretta, M., Pampiglione, S. Red cell glutamic-pyruvic transaminase polymorphism in a sample of the Italian population: a new variant allele: GPT(8). Hum. Hered. 25: 276-278, 1975. [PubMed: 1184012] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1159/000152735]

  25. Sohocki, M. M., Sullivan, L. S., Harrison, W. R., Sodergren, E. J., Elder, F. F. B., Weinstock, G., Tanase, S., Daiger, S. P. Human glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT): localization to 8q24.3, cDNA and genomic sequences, and polymorphic sites. Genomics 40: 247-252, 1997. [PubMed: 9119391] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1996.4604]

  26. Sparkes, M. C., Crist, M., Sparkes, R. S. Glutamate pyruvate transaminase null allele in seven new families. Hum. Genet. 65: 147-148, 1983. [PubMed: 6654330] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00286652]

  27. Wijnen, L. M. M., Meera Khan, P. Assignment of GPT to human chromosome 16. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 32: 327 only, 1982.

  28. Yang, R.-Z., Blaileanu, G., Hansen, B. C., Shuldiner, A. R., Gong, D.-W. cDNA cloning, genomic structure, chromosomal mapping, and functional expression of a novel human alanine aminotransferase. Genomics 79: 445-450, 2002. [PubMed: 11863375] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.2002.6722]


Contributors:
Patricia A. Hartz - updated : 12/20/2002
Rebekah S. Rasooly - updated : 5/8/1998

Creation Date:
Victor A. McKusick : 6/4/1986

Edit History:
carol : 06/26/2014
alopez : 1/9/2012
wwang : 11/5/2008
carol : 11/5/2008
terry : 5/17/2005
mgross : 12/20/2002
alopez : 5/8/1998
mark : 8/18/1997
joanna : 8/15/1997
warfield : 4/8/1994
pfoster : 2/18/1994
carol : 4/7/1992
supermim : 3/16/1992
carol : 3/12/1991
carol : 2/12/1991



NOTE: OMIM is intended for use primarily by physicians and other professionals concerned with genetic disorders, by genetics researchers, and by advanced students in science and medicine. While the OMIM database is open to the public, users seeking information about a personal medical or genetic condition are urged to consult with a qualified physician for diagnosis and for answers to personal questions.
OMIM® and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man® are registered trademarks of the Johns Hopkins University.
Copyright® 1966-2024 Johns Hopkins University.

NOTE: OMIM is intended for use primarily by physicians and other professionals concerned with genetic disorders, by genetics researchers, and by advanced students in science and medicine. While the OMIM database is open to the public, users seeking information about a personal medical or genetic condition are urged to consult with a qualified physician for diagnosis and for answers to personal questions.
OMIM® and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man® are registered trademarks of the Johns Hopkins University.
Copyright® 1966-2024 Johns Hopkins University.
Printed: May 4, 2024