Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: ACSL1
Cytogenetic location: 4q35.1 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 4:184,755,595-184,826,594 (from NCBI)
Activation of long chain fatty acids by long chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase (LACS, or ACSL1; EC 6.2.1.3) is the first reaction in their metabolism. Thus, LACS, which is also known as palmitoyl-CoA ligase, plays a key role in both the synthesis of cellular lipids and the degradation of fatty acids (summary by Suzuki et al., 1990).
Suzuki et al. (1990) isolated and sequenced a cDNA for rat LACS. Minoshima et al. (1991) isolated a human cDNA for LACS from a human liver cDNA library using the rat cDNA as a probe.
By searching databases for sequences containing acyl-CoA synthetase motifs 1 and 2, Watkins et al. (2007) identified human ACSL1. The deduced 698-amino acid protein contains all 5 motifs characteristic of acyl-CoA synthetases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ACSL1 belongs to a family of long chain acyl-CoA synthetases.
Watkins et al. (2007) determined that the ACSL1 gene contains 21 exons.
Using flow-sorted human chromosomes, Minoshima et al. (1991) demonstrated that the FACL2 gene is located on human chromosome 4. However, using in situ hybridization, Stanczak et al. (1992) mapped the gene, which they called FACL1, to chromosome 3q13. Cantu et al. (1995) confirmed that the FACL2 gene maps to chromosome 4q34-q35 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Watkins et al. (2007) mapped the ACSL1 gene to the minus strand of chromosome 4q34-q35 by genomic sequence analysis.
Cantu, E. S., Sprinkle, T. J., Ghosh, B., Singh, I. The human palmitoyl-CoA ligase (FACL2) gene maps to the chromosome 4q34-q35 region by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and somatic cell hybrid panels. Genomics 28: 600-602, 1995. [PubMed: 7490105] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1006/geno.1995.1199]
Minoshima, S., Fukuyama, R., Yamamoto, T., Shimizu, N. Mapping of human long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase to chromosome 4. (Abstract) Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 58: 1888 only, 1991.
Stanczak, H., Stanczak, J. J., Singh, I. Chromosomal localization of the human gene for palmitoyl-CoA ligase (FACL1). Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 59: 17-19, 1992. [PubMed: 1531127] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1159/000133189]
Suzuki, H., Kawarabayasi, Y., Kondo, J., Abe, T., Nishikawa, K., Kimura, S., Hashimoto, T., Yamamoto, T. Structure and regulation of rat long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 8681-8685, 1990. [PubMed: 2341402]
Watkins, P. A., Maiguel, D., Jia, Z., Pevsner, J. Evidence for 26 distinct acyl-coenzyme A synthetase genes in the human genome. J. Lipid Res. 48: 2736-2750, 2007. [PubMed: 17762044] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.M700378-JLR200]