HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: RPS3A
Cytogenetic location: 4q31.3 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): 4:151,099,628-151,104,642 (from NCBI)
Meyuhas and Perry (1980) pioneered the cloning of mammalian ribosomal proteins. Metspalu et al. (1992) cloned the cDNA corresponding to ribosomal protein S3a, one of the approximately 85 different ribosomal proteins constituting the human ribosome. The amino acid sequence of RPS3a was deduced partially from the nucleotide sequence of cDNA and confirmed by direct amino acid sequencing. The RPS3a protein has 263 amino acids.
Nolte et al. (1996) found that the coding region of the RPS3A gene spans 5,013 bp and contains 6 exons. They noted that the cDNA sequence reported by Metspalu et al. (1992) lacks the 5-prime untranslated region as well as the 6 bp encoding the first 2 amino acids. Southern blot analysis indicated that there are at least 6 processed RPS3A pseudogenes in the human genome. Rebane et al. (1998) reported that the mouse and human RPS3A genes share an identical exon/intron structure. The predicted proteins differ in only 2 positions.
Some small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) genes are located within the introns of protein-encoding genes. There is a preference for ribosome-related genes as parent genes for the snoRNAs, perhaps to coordinate the production of protein and RNA components of the ribosome. Rebane et al. (1998) reported that introns 3 and 4 of human and mouse RPS3A encode a novel snoRNA designated U73 (603568). Although both variants of U73 are expressed in mouse, only the variant specified by intron 4 is expressed in human cell lines.
Kho et al. (1996) showed that monoallelic disruption of the rat S3a, or fte1 (v-fos (164810) transformation effector), gene in v-fos-transformed fibroblasts resulted in loss of the transformed phenotype and in a decreased rate of protein synthesis. They concluded that the accumulation of ribosomal subunits and the rate of protein synthesis are important modulators of neoplastic transformation and cell growth.
By analysis of somatic cell hybrids, Nolte et al. (1996) mapped the RPS3A gene to chromosome 4. Kenmochi et al. (1998) mapped the RPS3A gene to 4q by use of somatic cell hybrid and radiation hybrid mapping panels. By fluorescence in situ hybridization, Rebane et al. (1998) refined the map position to 4q31.2-q31.3.
Kenmochi, N., Kawaguchi, T., Rozen, S., Davis, E., Goodman, N., Hudson, T. J., Tanaka, T., Page, D. C. A map of 75 human ribosomal protein genes. Genome Res. 8: 509-523, 1998. [PubMed: 9582194] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.8.5.509]
Kho, C. J., Wang, Y., Zarbl, H. Effect of decreased fte-1 gene expression on protein synthesis, cell growth, and transformation. Cell Growth Differ. 7: 1157-1166, 1996. [PubMed: 8877097]
Metspalu, A., Rebane, A., Hoth, S., Pooga, M., Stahl, J., Kruppa, J. Human ribosomal protein S3a: cloning of the cDNA and primary structure of the protein. Gene 119: 313-316, 1992. [PubMed: 1398113] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(92)90289-2]
Meyuhas, O., Perry, R. P. Construction and identification of cDNA clones for mouse ribosomal proteins: application for the study of r-protein gene expression. Gene 10: 113-129, 1980. [PubMed: 6993285] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(80)90129-8]
Nolte, D., Taimor, G., Kalff-Suske, M., Seifart, K. H. The human S3a ribosomal protein: sequence, location and cell-free transcription of the functional gene. Gene 169: 179-185, 1996. [PubMed: 8647443] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119(95)00708-3]
Rebane, A., Tamme, R., Laan, M., Pata, I., Metspalu, A. A novel snoRNA (U73) is encoded within the introns of the human and mouse ribosomal protein S3a genes. Gene 210: 255-263, 1998. [PubMed: 9573378] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1119(98)00070-5]