Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: CD99
Cytogenetic location: Yp11.2 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38): Y:2,691,295-2,741,309 (from NCBI)
CD99 is a 32-kD T-cell surface glycoprotein involved in spontaneous rosette formation with erythrocytes (Bernard et al., 1988). The gene encoding CD99 is located in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) at the end of the short arm of the X and Y chromosomes (Goodfellow et al., 1983).
For information on the cloning and function of CD99, see 313470.
Goodfellow et al. (1983) showed that the gene for the E2 antigen, called MIC2 (M = monoclonal; IC = Imperial Cancer Research Fund; 2 = order of discovery), maps to the band between Xp22.3 and Xpter, the same as STS (300747) and Xg (314700). A surprising finding of their study was that of a homologous locus on the Y chromosome in the euchromatin region Ypter-q11.1. This was the first instance of a clear Y-linked structural gene. Dracopoli et al. (1985) described a monoclonal antibody, O13, that appeared to recognize the same antigen determined by the X and Y genes.
Darling et al. (1986) cloned the MIC2X and MIC2Y genes and concluded that their sequences are closely related or identical.
By in situ hybridization, Buckle et al. (1985) showed that MIC2Y is located on the distal part of Yp, namely, Ypter-p11.2.
On the basis of an X/Y translocation in which STS activity was retained with the X chromosome (selected by fusion with an HPRT-deficient mouse cell line) but MIC2X was lost, Geller et al. (1986) concluded that MIC2X is distal to STS. The order of Y-specific sequences located centromeric to the sex-determining gene(s), and therefore not pseudoautosomal, was determined on the basis of their presence or absence in DNA from XX males, and the order of pseudoautosomal loci situated distal to TDF was established on the basis of family studies such as those presented by Goodfellow et al. (1986).
Bernard, A., Aubrit, A., Raynal, B., Phan, D., Boumsell, L. A T cell surface molecule different from CD2 is involved in spontaneous rosette formation with erythrocytes. J. Immun. 140: 1802-1807, 1988. [PubMed: 2894395]
Buckle, V., Mondello, C., Darling, S., Craig, I. W., Goodfellow, P. N. Homologous expressed genes in the human sex chromosome pairing region. Nature 317: 739-741, 1985. [PubMed: 4058580] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/317739a0]
Darling, S. M., Banting, G. S., Pym, B., Wolfe, J., Goodfellow, P. N. Cloning an expressed gene shared by the human sex chromosomes. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 83: 135-139, 1986. [PubMed: 2934738] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.83.1.135]
Dracopoli, N. C., Rettig, W. J., Albino, A. P., Esposito, D., Archidiacono, N., Rocchi, M., Siniscalco, M., Old, L. J. Genes controlling gp25/30 cell-surface molecules map to chromosomes X and Y and escape X-inactivation. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 37: 199-207, 1985. [PubMed: 4038849]
Geller, R. L., Shapiro, L. J., Mohandas, T. K. Fine mapping of the distal short arm of the human X chromosome using X/Y translocations. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 38: 884-890, 1986. [PubMed: 3460334]
Goodfellow, P., Banting, G., Sheer, D., Ropers, H. H., Caine, A., Ferguson-Smith, M. A., Povey, S., Voss, R. Genetic evidence that a Y-linked gene in man is homologous to a gene on the X chromosome. Nature 302: 346-349, 1983. [PubMed: 6188056] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1038/302346a0]
Goodfellow, P. J., Darling, S. M., Thomas, N. S., Goodfellow, P. N. A pseudoautosomal gene in man. Science 234: 740-743, 1986. [PubMed: 2877492] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2877492]