Gene: [12p13/ENO2] enolase 2 (gamma-enolase; neuron-specific);

COM

The regional localization of the neuron-specific enolase (EN) was demonstrated by Craig-1989 (note that in the paper gene is denoted as ENO2). Neuron-specific EN cDNA, cloned by these authors, is visible after in situ hybridization on chromosome as one major signal in 12p13 region and two minor hybridization sites in 1p36 (where ENO1 is located) and 17pt-p12 (where the gene for muscle beta-enolase is located); see Comment in GEM:17p1/ENO3."

FUN

Systematic name: 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase. Catalyzes reaction: 2-phospho-D-glycerate = phosphoenolpyruvate + H(2)O."

FAG

Three main types of enolase (EN) are known: the alpha-peptide homodimer, which gene (in chr 1p) is expressed in the majority of tissues (GEM:01p36/ENO1); the beta-peptide homodimer, which gene is mapped to chr 17p, and expression is restricted to skeletal and smooth muscle cells (GEM:17p1/ENO3), and the gamma-peptide homodimer, which gene is mapped to chr 12 and expressed only in neuronal and neuroendocrine cells."

NOM

Two systems of ENO gene enumeration exist. MIM and GEM follow the standard rules of gene nomenclature: the gene for alpha-peptide is denoted as ENO1; for beta-peptide, as ENO2; and for gamma-peptide, as ENO3. HGM9/9.5 used the same denotations, however HGM10 changed the denotation, without any explanation, so that symbol ENO2 was assigned to the gamma subunit and symbol ENO3 was reserved for beta-EN gene, which was not mapped then. This was made probably by historical reasons: gamma EN gene was second to be identified, and some reports (Grzeschik-1976; Craig-1989) indicated that 'second' enzyme with enolase activity was mapped to chr 12p. However presently, all the three ENO genes being mapped and specified, the return to the old nomenclature is hardly appropriate."

REF

FUN,FAG "Chen, Giblett: Ann Hum Genet, 39, 277-280, 1976
LOC "Craig SP &: CCG, 51, (HGM10), 980, 1989
CLO,SEQ "Ginns &: Fed Proc Am Soc Exp Biol, 46, 1622, 1986
LOC "Grzeschik KH: CCG, 16, 142-148, 1976
LOC "Herbschleb-Voogt E&: CCG, 22, (HGM4), 482-486, 1978
FUN,FAG "Hooper &: Biochem Soc Trans, 16, 305-306, 1988
LOC "Law ML, Kao: J Cell Sci, 53, 245-254, 1982
LOC "Mattei &: CCG, 32, (HGM6), 297, 1982
FUN,FAG "Pearce &: Ann Hum Genet, 39, 263-276, 1976
MAP "Raeymaekers P &: Genomics, 29, 170-178, 1995
GEN,SEQ,RAT "Sakimura K &: Gene, 60, 103-113, 1987
FUN,FAG "Schmechel &: Neurosci Lett, 76, 233-238, 1987

SWI

SWISSPROT: P09104

KEY

glyc

CLA

coding, basic

LOC

12 p13

MIM

MIM: 131360

EZN

ENZYME: 4.2.1.11

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