Эпидуральная анальгезия: литература

Branson KR, Ко JCH, Tranquilli WJ, et al: Duration of analgesia induced by epidurally administered morphine and medetornidine in dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 16:369,1993. A prospective study of the analgesia provided by epidural morphine, medetornidine, or a combination of the two in dogs subjected to experimental pain.

Drenger B, Magora F: Urodynamic studies after intrathecal fentanyl and buprenorphine in the dog. Anesth Analg 69:348, 1989. A prospective study of detrusor function following intrathecal administration of fentanyl or buprenorphine to healthy dogs.

Frank ER: Regional anesthesia in the dog and cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 72:336, 1927. An early report of epidural anesthesia in the dog.

Greene SA, Keegan RD, Weil AB: Cardiovascular effects after epidural injection of xylazine in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Vet Surg 24:283, 1995. A prospective study of the cardiovascular side effects of epidural xylazine in anesthetized dogs.

Heath RB, Broadstone RV, Wright M, et al: Using bupivacaine hydrochlo-ride for lumbosacral epidural analgesia. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 11(1):50, 1989. A review and retrospective analysis of clinical use of epidural bupivacaine in dogs.

Kehlet H. Does analgesia benefit postinjury outcome? In: Parker MM, Shapiro MJ, Porembka DT, eds: Critical Care: State of the Art, vol 15. Anaheim, CA: Society of Critical Care Medicine, 1995, p 213. A review of the literature on the effects of epidural analgesia on morbidity and mortality in human surgery and trauma patients.

Leighton BL, DeSimone CA, Norris MC, et al: Intrathecal narcotics for labor revisited: The combination of fentanyl and mor phine intrathecally provides rapid onset of profound, prolonged analgesia. Anesth Analg 69:122, 1989. A prospective study of the effects of epidural combination fentanyl and morphine in humans.

Lewis MPN, Thomas P, Wilson LF, et al: The "whoosh" test. A clinical test to confirm correct needle placement in caudal epidural injections. Anaesthesia 47:57, 1992. A description of this technique in humans.

Sjogren P, Jensen N-H, Jensen TS: Disappearance of morphineinduced hyperalgesia after discontinuing or substituting morphine with other opioid agonists. Pain 59:313,1994. Report of morphineinduced hyperalgesia and its reversal with fentanyl in humans.

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